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The multiple comparisons problem is addressed using continuous random field theory, assuming the statistic image to be a good lattice representation of an underlying continuous stationary random field.
Each resulting Z statistic image in each subject was considered in the mixed effect analysis at the group level to show, which clusters of voxels above a Z value of 2.3 were activated at a significance level of P < 0.05.
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Z (Gaussianised T/F) statistic images were thresholded using clusters determined by Z>2.3, uncorrected.
For this between-group comparison, Z statistic images were thresholded at p = 0.01 (uncorrected voxel p threshold).
The resulting summary statistic images were then entered into a second stage analysis that treated each subject as a random variable.
Higher-level group comparisons were carried out using FLAME FMRIBB's Local Analysis of Mixed Effects); Z (Gaussianised T/F) statistic images were thresholded using clusters determined by Z>2.33 (study 1) or Z>1.96 (study 2) and a corrected cluster significance threshold of p = 0.01 [53], [53].
The resulting Z statistic images were thresholded at Z > 3.1, corresponding to P < 0.001 uncorrected.
Z (Gaussianised T/F) statistic images were thresholded as detailed below.
These procedures transformed the z statistic images from individual to standard space, producing z statistic images for each participant for each task (knee, ankle, hand) in standard space, allowing analysis of individual participant's activations in standard space.
Z statistic images were thresholded at z > 2.3 and a cluster-corrected significance level threshold of P < 0.05 (Worsley 2001).
Fisher's r- to z-transformation [ 54] was applied voxelwise to improve the normal distribution of the individual's connectivity maps as Z statistic images [ 55].
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com