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Originally, the jacket platforms were designed to withstand the extreme static ice force.
Static ice loads (ice actions) are a key design parameter for dams in cold climates.
Field observations conducted on oil platforms in the Bohai Sea revealed that the offshore jacket structures, which can withstand the maximum static ice force, might suffer from severe vibrations when ice sheets pass through the legs of the structure.
Analysis of the constitutive equations indicates that it is only when full lateral confinement occurs and the static (ice jam) condition is approached that φ can be considered a material constant.
The internal ice resistance is formulated with a viscous plastic constitutive law, in which the pressure term is formulated by modifying the Coulomb-type constitutive relationship for static ice jams.
By the use of a simplified static ice pressure model, it has been quantitatively verified that a traditional ice-breaking trench can at least reduce the limit ice pressure in a 1 m-thick ice cover to 60% of its full strength.
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The environmental loads considered in design can be assumed static (icing) or quasi-static (idealized steady wind).
Static noise during calls.
Moreover, unlike in the case of uniaxial quasi-static compression of ice, the effect of specimen end-constraint during the high rate compression was found to be negligible.
Ice bridges are static structures composed of tightly packed sea ice that can form during the course of its flow through a narrow strait.
Systematic procedures are formulated to assess the stability of a conductor's wind and ice loaded static profile by employing a multiple-degree-of-freedom finite element model.
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