The link state packets are exchanged using epidemic approach which leads to overhead.
If the channel is in the good state, packets can be successfully received, while in the bad state packets are lost (e.g., due to deep fades or shadowing in the channel).
To achieve this, DGSI-FEM uses two state packets, PRECISE and DONE, for each grid point, which represent the convergence status and the termination decision, i.e., whether the update changes are small enough and whether the iteration should terminate, respectively.
A two-state packet-level run length model (2SRL) was introduced to evaluate the output statistics of MPEG-2 TS packets in a DVB-H fading environment.
In any other state, packet is sent at random, either to the first user or to the second, with equal probability.
In addition, DGSI-FEM uses two phases (namely, a forward sweep followed by a backward sweep) to propagate the termination decision (via the state packet DONE) and collect the convergence status (via the state packet PRECISE) of all (widetilde {Phi })s.
In these states, no packets are received by the decoder.
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In disconnected state, probe packets are used periodically to detect route re-establishment.
In LS approach, nodes have four types of states: transmission of packets, reception of packets, self-learning, and low power listening.
