Exact(1)
The model uses different types of premises (ordinary premises, assumptions and exceptions) and information about the dialectical status of statements (stated, questioned, accepted or rejected) to allow the burden of proof to be allocated to the proponent or the respondent, as appropriate, for each premise separately.
Similar(58)
Table 5 illustrates the varying degrees in which developers can try to address each of the previously stated questions.
This was likely due to inadequately stated questions, and many of those who had not pursued recreational physical activity failed to answer the question.
56/235 (24%) of respondents stated questions were easy to understand, 160/239 (68%) found them rather easy to understand, and 19/235 (8%) found them rather difficult.
Values of the 7 negatively stated questions (items 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8) were reverse scored, so that higher values indicate more positive satisfaction.
We excluded "nonsense questions" that did not assess student understanding of science (e.g., "Which of the following individuals wrote your textbook?") and poorly stated questions that could not be easily interpreted by the raters.
The qualitative data was triangulated with the quantitative results Respondents' knowledge on the modes of transmitting and preventing HIV was assessed using a twenty-question item which had positively and negatively stated questions.
He is a humorist, re-stating questions in blunter terms and reducing things to their essence ("Why they whooping our ass?").
Warren Christopher, the former secretary of state, questioned the legality of a confusing ballot paper in Palm Beach county.
He did issue a news release in August after Ms. Martinez, who would be the first Hispanic woman to run a state, questioned his education record.
Lawmakers from across the ideological spectrum, often citing dealerships marked for closing in their home states, questioned why some profitable franchises would not be allowed to stay open.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com