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After a specified time s (switching time), the state of unit 2 is changed to warm standby state and, as soon as the operating unit 1 fails, the state of unit 2 is changed to active state.
It is normally a quadratic polynomial represented by C_{i} (p_{i}^{t} ) = a_{i} (p_{i}^{t} )^{2} + b_{i} (p_{i}^{t} ) + c_{i} (2 where (p_{i}^{t}) generation output of unit i at hour t; and a i, b i, c i are parameters of unit i. S i is the start-up cost of unit i which is related to the duration time of the off state of unit i.
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Hamming approach degree arithmetic is applied to calculate the matching mode identifying the state of units.
where the vector X a consists of the state variables of unit a and the vector X b consists of the state variables of unit b.
In other words, reliability measures for a power system depend strongly on initial states of units.
( {d}_{i,t}^F ) is the state of thermal unit i in the time period t, ( {d}_{i,t}^F=1 ) denotes the unit is on and ( {d}_{i,t}^F=0 ) denotes the unit is off.
Last week alone, I and my fellow Marines took a "financial health" poll and an "equal opportunity" survey and completed a "command climate questionnaire" on the state of my unit.
Both approaches (dynamic simulation and direct CSS prediction) were applied to the prediction of cyclic steady state of SMB unit for 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol enantiomers separation.
Correlated with the categories of meanings are ontological categories; e.g., object, state of affairs, unit, plurality, number, and relation are (formal) categories that categorize objects, not meanings (Husserl 1913/2000, 237).
The red and blue colors correspond to the resting and hyperpolarized state of the unit, respectively.
They will also be able to make a close-up assessment of the state of Iraqi units and commanders.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com