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There are three aspects of this conception: dukkha as suffering in the ordinary sense; dukkha arising out of the impermanence of things, even of a state of pleasure; and dukkha in the sense of five aggregates meaning that the "I" constituted by any individual is nothing but a totality of five aggregates i.e., form, feeling, conception, disposition, and consciousness.
Recall that true happiness is a lasting state of pleasure.
And true happiness, according to Leibniz, is simply a lasting state of pleasure (PW, "Felicity," §3; NE, p. 194).
Finally, Epicurus not only thinks of this state as a positive one but its pleasure as the preferred state of pleasure.
So far we have seen that, for Leibniz, the human good consists in the lasting state of pleasure that accompanies moral perfection.
Hedonism implies that the mental state of pleasure is the only thing having intrinsic value (and the mental state of pain is the only intrinsic evil).
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But Mr. Naharin is a dance genius, a rare original in his rigorous ability to use this movement to connect to and evoke the dancer's inner states of pleasure and pain, ecstasy and madness.
Moore also gave some weight to the hedonic states of pleasure and pain.
With such basic happiness goals as good health, marriage and children, the happy-scape is populated with peaks that represent the maximal states of pleasure.
At any unit of time, the conscious subjectively identifies states of pleasure (first phase of homeostasis maintenance) or displeasure (second phase of homeostasis) which are associated with the alarm subsystem of the 'organismic defense system' (ODS).
Wodeham, for example, has an intricate account of the passions, involving the cognition of actual or possible states of affairs, free acts of the will (accepting or rejecting those states of affairs), and, finally, mental states of pleasure and pain which are caused by the states of affairs themselves (Knuuttila 2004).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com