Experimental results show that the proposed approach not only provides better imperceptibility and robustness against various attacks (including common image processing operations and geometric distortions), but also yields better watermark detection performance than some state-of-the-art image watermarking schemes.
Simulations on real images by using the wavelet-based implementations demonstrate the proposed method performs very well in both watermark imperceptibility and robustness and is more robust to typical signal processes, e.g., additive noise, JPEG compression, etc., as compared with the state-of-the-art watermarking methods.
In this study we chose to focus on the effect of imperceptibility.
Converging evidence from multivariate analyses further supports the role of imperceptibility in determining concept property preferences in dorsal ATL.
In terms of its effect, there is little noticeable difference between, say, a 1.0 and 2.0 – these cause tremors that vary only in degree of imperceptibility.
From Williams's lament to Robert Townsend's "Hollywood Shuffle" to Aziz Ansari's "Master of None," progress has been glacial to the point of imperceptibility.
For 15 minutes, the three men essay an ambient drone, its shifts and slow builds so gradual they are almost to the point of imperceptibility.
Specifically, when inspecting this superior ATL imperceptibility cluster in the data from Experiment 2, it showed a main effect of imperceptibility in the blind (F 1,11) = 8.63, p < 0.05; see sampled data in Fig. 2d), a significant preference for imperceptible concepts, but no domain effect (p > 0.4) or interaction (p > 0.61).
Interestingly, the effect of objecthood overlapped to some extent with areas showing the differential effect of imperceptibility between the groups, suggesting that these two dimensions are not completely orthogonal.
A comparison of the proposed watermarking method to the existing similar watermarking methods demonstrated that the proposed method generally outperforms completing methods in terms of imperceptibility and robustness.
For detail of the exploration of the posterior cluster (labeled pdATL in Fig. 2a), which does not show an activation pattern consistent with an overall effect of imperceptibility in the blind, see Supplementary Notes and Supplementary Figure 6.
