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Because these 49 primary target genes seem to be tightly linked to the requirement of appropriate Oct3/4 levels for the maintenance of the pluripotent/self-renewing state of ES cells, these genes may play a critical role in the ES cells.
It is well known that Oct-4 is an essential transcriptional regulator of genes involved in maintaining the undifferentiated pluripotent state of ES cells, but little has been established as to whether the ES cell-cycle fate is regulated by this protein.
Although the Oct4/Sox2-high and Nanog-high state is considered to be the true ground state of ES cells [13], the transient state expressing high Oct4/Sox2 levels but low Nanog levels still retains the potency for ES cell maintenance and pluripotency [11], [19].
Charge/discharge state of ES at node n.
24-hour charging and discharging state of ES in ADN2 is given in Fig. 9.
Open image in new window Fig. 9 Charging and discharging state of ES in ADN2.
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Meissner A, Mikkelsen TS, Gu H, Wernig M,, 2008, Genome-wide chromatin state maps of ES cells, ES-derived neural progenitor cells and brain tissue, GSE11172 ; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi acc=GSE11172, Publicly available at GEO (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ).nih.gov/geo/
Here we examined human gliomas for the expression of transcription factors with key roles in controlling the self-renewing undifferentiated state of ES-cells and NSCs.
These cells are characterized by fluctuations between two clearly different phenotypic states of ES cells; one is stable ("high Nanog"; HN) and the other is unstable ("low Nanog"; LN).
The following previously published datasets were used: Mikkelsen TS, Meissner A, Zhang X, Gnirke A, Jaenisch R, Lander ES, 2007, Genome-wide chromatin state maps of ES cells, ES-derived neural progenitor cells and brain tissue, GSE11172 ; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi acc=GSE11172, In the public domain at GEO: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.nih.gov/geo/
Here, we synthesise the state of seagrass ES (SGES) research and policy implications.
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