States had enforced racial segregation through discriminatory zoning laws, and private landlords and realtors had refused to deal on equal terms with all applicants.
No doubt these memories were in the minds of the 39 artists who raised their works in the Sakharov Museum to warn against a state that had enforced "scientific atheism" so recently now embracing a national church with the same ardor.
Shaw and Ernst & Young objected, but by May 2005 a Texas state judge had enforced the subpoena — even though Texas and Louisiana, where Stone & Webster is based and where a local Ernst & Young office held the records, have state rules protecting auditor-client privilege.
Since 2007, the state has also enforced nutrition standards for "competitive foods" in schools, the snacks and foods that are not included in meal plans but that students can get on school grounds — from vending machines, for example.
Turkey insists it changed its ways in the 20th century, when modernizers made it into a republic whose division of mosque and state has always been enforced.
The state had to enforce its writ where it was being so criminally flouted.
But he said the city's lawsuit, filed in Federal District Court in Brooklyn, would not have been necessary if the state had been enforcing the law.
Then the court seized upon an ambiguity in Florida law as to whether the secretary of state had to enforce the deadline or could waive it, and ruled that she had no choice but to waive it.
"Clearly New York State has no expertise in enforcing the immigration laws," said Cesar A. Perales, president of the Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund and the state social services commissioner under Gov. Mario M. Cuomo.
