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The target compounds were retained in the SPE column and the matrix that is not retained during the extraction process was directed to waste while simultaneously the analytical pump equilibrates the analytical column in the starting gradient conditions.
A speed of 5.4 km/h was maintained and a starting gradient of 2.0 % was increased by 1%% every minute.
Though the starting gradient at 98 % ACN was able to retain a greater amount of metabolite features, it required much longer equilibration time (more than 10 min) than starting at 95 % ACN (8 10 min).
Starting gradient conditions were 98% A and 2% B, and after a 10 min load phase, B was ramped to 40% over 70 min and was then further ramped to 95% over 5 min, held for 1 min, and then returned to 98% A for the remainder of the 90 min cycle.
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According to Fig. 9, the relationship between the threshold pressure gradient and permeability curves and the relationship between starting pressure gradient and permeability can be obtained by: lambda = 0.1064K^{ - 0.318} (8).
((frac{{c_{1} }}{nabla p} + frac{{c_{2} }}{{nabla p - c_{3} }})) in formula (8) equals 1 and can be seen as the equivalent phase of starting pressure gradient, which indirectly indicates the nature of existence of the starting pressure gradient.
Open image in new window Fig. 9 Effect of oil-phase starting pressure gradient on recovery Open image in new window Fig. 10 Effect of water-phase starting pressure gradient on recovery.
Synchronization of these two events requires starting the gradient either before or even after the injection, thus to prevent a late or an early arrival of the gradient front to the injection valve, respectively.
Starting pressure gradient.
Tensile stress could change the starting pressure gradient of concrete.
The recovery ratio is positive with the starting pressure gradient of the water phase, but negative with the oil phase.
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