Starting from l-tyrosine based diphenolic monomers, polyiminocarbonates, polycarbonates and polyarylates have been developed by Kohn and co-workers and are being investigated for potential orthopedic biomaterial applications.
The synthesis of those ligands was accomplished starting from l-proline and α-d-amino acids (converted to β-amino acids) with a key step of macrocyclization reaction of amino esters.
These enzymes form the branch of UTP de novo biosynthesis starting from l-glutamine.
L-carnitine is synthesized in kidney, liver, and testes, starting from L-lysine and L-methionine, having ascorbic acid, ferrous iron, pyroxidine, and niacin as cofactors.
The alternative route leading to lysine, referred to as the DAP pathway, involves nine enzymatic reactions and produces lysine starting from L-aspartate.
Here a highly practical synthesis of crystalline 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexa- O-acetyl l- glycero-α d- manno-heptopyranose by a simple four-step sequence starting from l-lyxose is disclosed.
Briefly, stereospecific total synthesis of the pheromone was successfully performed in 10 steps by coupling the key intermediate, 2,4-di-O-benzyl-3,6-dideoxy-L-arabino-hexopyranose, synthesized starting from L-rhamnose and (2R -7-octene-2-ol.
Based on the lysine biosynthetic pathway in KEGG, here are a total of seven enzymatic steps in the synthesis of l-lysine starting from l-aspartate, of which the first two steps are shared for all four amino acids before the lysine biosynthesis pathway diverges.
We therefore define upper and a lower coupled Markov chains that enclose all other paths: Lower path (L t − T ) started from L − T = 0 ^ Upper path (U t − T ) started from U − T = 1 ^, where 0 ˆ ≼ x ≼ 1 ˆ, ∀ x.
Here, we describe a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that detects the other by-products, the C-terminal side LAP-DPs starting from residue L (L LAP-DPs).
In mammals, the de novo biosynthesis starts from l-tryptophan (Trp) which is enzymatically converted in a series of reactions to quinolinic acid (QA).
