Establishment of a genetic cross has proven a fruitful starting point for determination of the genotypic basis of drug resistance [ 3- 5], but is difficult, expensive and hence rarely achieved in practice.
Four regions of each coverslip were counted and summed to yield total cell numbers, with the wild type counts on DIV1 averaged to provide the starting number for determination of 'percent survival' at subsequent time points.
But Rashidah Smallwood of ITT is where it really started for me, and I will never forget her honesty, poise, determination, and moral purpose.
The two starting materials were used for determination of the subsolidus phases and the solidus temperature of the Fe S Si system, whereas the liquidus temperature was determined for the starting material with Fe80.1S12.7Si7.2 in composition.
Blood samples were taken at 4 hours after the start of heat exposure for determination of TNF- α, IL-10, and intercellular adhesion molecule−1 (ICAM-1) levels.
Blood samples (5 μl) were collected in heparinized capillaries through tail bleeding at t = -5 (pre), and 2, 3, 4, and 5 min after start of the infusion for determination of the fraction of labelled RBCs, while in addition 30 μl samples were collected in ~30 s at t = -5 (pre), 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min for determination of Dex40 concentrations.
Quantum mechanical calculations were conducted to determine the pKa of all quinoid species to serve as a starting point for the determination of equilibrium constants in voltammetric simulations.
The structure of the ternary complex of PKAc with 2Mg2+, ADP, and phosphorylated peptide pSP20 (PDB ID 4IAD) was used as a starting model for structure determination.
This will serve both as a starting point for systematic determination of the full range of functions involved in mitotic chromosome segregation, and as a basis for the development of detailed structural and functional interaction maps of key chromosomal subdomains.
Second, selecting periodic genes from the SCC as starting point for the determination of shortest paths connecting to other periodic genes is absolutely necessary to reach such a high number of periodic genes (141) in the WCC.
