At the start of each trial (test as well as control), the experimenter (E) established eye contact with the wolf by giving the trained command 'look' and rewarding the animal when it looked into her eyes.
A white speckled pattern was applied to the specimens shortly before the start of each test, as shown in Fig. 4. By having the paint somewhat wet, the de-bonding of paint speckles during testing was minimised.
This prevented the bees from learning a rule like 'go to the left chamber at the start of each test'.
At the start of each test, the harness was attached to the force gauge which was subsequently driven downward by the motor.
At the start of each test block, the trained birds immediately flew to the correct disc, even though it was now in a different position compared to the previous test block.
When tested, a single bird was placed in the start-box when the room was dark, and at the start of each test, the light was turned on and a guillotine door opened to allow the bird access to the arena.
Before the start of each test, several practice trials were administered to ensure that the subject understood the task.
Mice were habituated to the dimly lit and noise-controlled room for 60 min before the start of each test.
At the start of each test day all subjects were given a breathalyzer test; subjects not achieving a score of 0.0 were not tested that day.
At the start of each test, animals were placed in acrylic cylindrical tubes mounted atop piezoelectric force transducers positioned inside sound attenuating test chambers.
