The conditions used include; 0 0.5 V, start frequency; 1 KHz, final frequency; 1000 KHz, and step frequency; 1 KHz (that was the optimum condition for the samples).
The majority of variation in the five variables that measured frequency (start frequency, end frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency, and frequency at maximum amplitude; see Figure 1c) was explained by PC1 (Table S1).
The five variables that measured frequency (start frequency, end frequency, maximum frequency, minimum frequency, and frequency at maximum amplitude; see Figure 1c) were subjected to a Principal Component analysis to yield a single principal component frequency axis (PC1; details in Table S1).
We then conducted an analysis of variance, which revealed that the six calls differed significantly in the duration of the call stem (F5, 1049 = 549.58; p<0.001), the start frequency of the call stem (F5, 1049 = 9,199.46; p<0.001), and the transition frequency across the entire call stem (F5, 1049 = 512.17; p<0.001).
The total inertia was 94.54% with 78.94% for axis 1 (mainly driven by the start frequency of the call), and 15.60% for axis 2 (mainly driven by the duration of call stem), regardless of the identity of the caller (fig. 2b).
We then performed a Pearson's Principal Component Analysis on the entire data set (N =��1,067 calls) to investigate the clustering of the different call stems on the basis of their basic acoustic parameters, i.e. duration, start frequency, and transition frequency.
Call start frequencies are ≈143 kHz and end frequencies ≈69 kHz, and there appear to be no terminal feeding buzzes (Geipel et al., 2013).
The optimized starting frequency, bandwidth, and transmit energy for each of the waveforms in vector popt are listed in Table 1.
Hydraulic pump piston B chamber suctions air, and at the same time, C cavity starts frequency division antenna to transmit hydraulic signal.
To preserve the starting frequency and approach CFs to Greenwood frequencies without having an empty channel, while having frequencies of (A4 and A4#) semitones being in the same bin, it is suggested to activate the first two electrodes.
Then, a new design idea of adding springs around the resonator in a unit cell (n is not equal to zero now) is proposed in the need of widening the bandwidth and lowering the starting frequency.
