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Two additional STAR loci were analysed to further investigate the link between STAR element conservation and evolutionary lineage.
It is unclear whether a similar conserved mechanism is involved in the total loss or gain of STAR loci or whether the deletion site is merely acting as a hotspot for STAR element translocation.
In order to provide insight into the evolution of STAR elements as species and strains diverged over time, the conservation of the positions of STAR loci between and within staphylococcal genomes was determined.
In each S. aureus strain examined, between 62 and 90 STAR motifs were found, occurring at 32 to 39 distinct locations in each genome (referred to as STAR loci) (Table 1).
As the spacers are distinct between unrelated strains and at different STAR loci within a strain, homologous recombination is unlikely to be occurring at a high frequency between STAR loci either intergenomically or intragenomically.
These findings provide further evidence of the conservation of each of the STAR loci within a strain and lineage.
Similar(45)
However analysis of this STAR locus at the sequence level shows that the sequences of the "spacers", which occur between STAR motifs, are strongly conserved within CC's.
The gapR STAR locus was the least structurally stable of the three loci studied.
In contrast, the spacer sequences are distinct at each STAR locus, even within a particular genome.
Sequences of each STAR locus were aligned using the ClustalW algorithm.
In the majority of strains (33/52) the gapR STAR locus begins with a "start signature" sequence of GTGGGACAGAAATGAT, which is slightly truncated compared to the sequence initially identified at the hprK STAR locus [ 1].
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