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Shrub/scrub stands consisted of abandoned agricultural fields and pastures, clear-cuts, grassland, and shrubby areas.
Agricultural stands consisted of cropland, pastureland, wildlife food plots, and horticultural crops (e.g., pecan orchard).
Pine stands consisted of loblolly, longleaf, slash, and shortleaf (Pinus echinata) pine with >90%% pine.
Nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) was supplied at rates equivalent to 0 kg N ha−1, 120 kg N ha−1, and 240 kg N ha−1 in switchgrass stands consisted of three upland cultivars (Blackwell, Cave-in-Rock and Pathfinder).
Hardwood stands consisted of a variety of species (e.g., southern red, turkey, live, laurel oaks, and sweetgum) with tree sizes ranging from seedling/sapling to saw timber; however, most (>90 %) were in the pole to saw timber classes.
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The drama, as it stands, consists of one extended first act.
Due to the fire-resistance of large pine trees, repeated fires combined with other disturbances have historically created and maintained relatively open structurally complex stands consisting of multiple age cohorts of trees (Kuuluvainen and Aakala 2011).
Typical central European managed coniferous stands consist of only one dominant species with the same age, therefore, one can say that such stands are very homogeneous just how they are.
This study evaluated plant species richness in the regenerating forest community beneath five 35-year-old homogeneous forest stands consisting of indigenous terra-firme species (Simarouba amara, Dipteryx odorata, Bagassa guianensis, Jacaranda copaia and Dinizia excelsa).
So far, most of the studies dealing with hybridization in oaks were carried out in mixed stands consisting of two species (e.g., Q. robur and Q. petraea).
Phenology was not directly assessed in the study area, but observations on flowering time had been carried out in several mixed stands consisting of Q. robur and Q. petraea from the same geographical region [ 42].
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