With the multiple inert gas elimination technique, developed by Wagner et al. [ 13] and modified for use in the standing horse [ 14], the pulmonary gas exchange and a virtually continuous distribution of ventilation-perfusion ratios can be studied.
The tool for males included different risk factors: age group, weight loss, cognitive impairment, high school education, osteoporosis, pathologic bone fracture, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), glaucoma, and standing balance impairment.
In the unsedated, standing horse, circulatory data as well as ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange (Tables 1, 2 and 3) were all within normal limits [ 14].
Finally, prior to the VO2-peak test, pulmonary function will be determined using standard spirometry in a standing position using the Oxycon Pro, Jaeger measurement system.
Pulmonary function was measured using a turbine-based Masterscope Rotary Jaeger spirometer with subjects standing and wearing a nose-clip.
The use of positioning, splinting, and standing devices should be coordinated with medical specialists due to potential contraindications such as cardiac or pulmonary compromise, osteoporosis, the risk of fracture, hip subluxation or dislocation, and prohibitive contractures.
Pulmonary metastasectomy for colorectal cancer is a commonly performed and well-established practice of ∼50 years standing.
Pulmonary function testing was performed using the acceptability standards outlined by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) with subjects in a standing position and wearing nose clips [ 11].
