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PRISMA is a checklist designed by the medical community to improve reporting standards of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, rather than guidelines for their conduct.
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Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses are commonly described as the gold standard of systematic reviews.
The quality of such analyses is high and individual patient data meta-analyses are considered as a 'gold standard' of systematic reviews.
This approach has been described as the 'gold standard' of systematic review methodology as it allows for more powerful and flexible analysis of both subgroups and outcomes.
In particular, individual patient data meta-analyses are considered to be an ideal standard of systematic review as they have been shown to produce more reliable results.
For this reason they are considered a 'gold standard' of systematic review in contrast to meta-analyses of aggregate data, which relates to information averaged or estimated across all individuals in a study.
Study methodology was carried out in accordance with the ' Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses' (PRISMA) recommendations for improving the standard of systematic reviews (Moher et al, 2009).
In forest surveys it is good practice to approximate the standard errors of systematic sampling designs by the SRS equations and accept the overestimation of the sampling errors.
Second, our literature selection procedures followed the recommended standard steps of systematic review and meta-analysis (Manchikanti et al. 2009; Moher et al. 2009).
For developing this protocol, we referred to the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement, 24 which is a guide for standard reporting of systematic review protocols.
18 Although quality assessment is now regarded as a standard component of systematic reviews, one issue that has received little attention in the literature is the effect of rater experience on the reliability of quality assessments.
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