These data must be considered preliminary and cannot replace well-conducted prognostic studies (representative study populations, well-defined inception cohorts, satisfactory and complete follow-up, prospective design, and standard definition of prognostic factors).
Need for prognostics standardization inspires researchers to develop a standard framework of prognostics and its performance metrics.
Broadly accepted good practice standards for the development of prognostic markers and prognostic classification systems do not exist (Simon and Altman, 1994).
In addition, while combinations of standard prognostic factors can identify subsets of patients with highly significantly different disease survival curves, they still predict individual outcomes poorly.
Multiple Cox regression models were fitted to assess the impact of TP53 on survival above that of standard prognostic factors.
In the light of our results, securin may prove to be a valuable prognostic factor for clinical pathology, although the present data do not yet allow for testing of the possible prognostic value of securin in relation to the gold standard of breast cancer prognostics, the Nottingham Prognostic Index (Elston and Ellis, 1991).
The authors concluded that although good reporting is essential for the interpretation and clinical application of prognostic studies, the standards of reporting in 2006 and 2007 were poor.
However, in ER− breast cancers, FOXP3+ TILs were strongly associated with improved survival in the HER2+/ER− subgroup, particularly in those with co-existent CD8+ T-cell infiltrates (HR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.98), for which the presence of high levels of FOXP3+ TILs was independent of standard clinical prognostic factors.
Genomic and clinical data from 477 clinically diverse patients with breast cancer were analyzed with Cox regression models to identify genes associated with outcome, independent of standard prognostic factors.
This effect was independent of standard prognostic factors, such as tumor stage and nodal status [ 37].
