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There are many existing and evolving standards for calculating carbon footprints but in truth no footprint is precise.
They reached that figure by using World Health Organization standards for calculating the spread of epidemics.
This general framework can also be readily adopted in design codes and standards for calculating vortex-induced vibration of towers and chimneys.
Sesamol was used as internal standards for calculating the percentage recovery of lignans.
The potential for standardization across laboratories is now also possible since all participating laboratories have the opportunity to make use of the same reference standards for calculating a standard curve and internal QC samples.
Standards for calculating absolute copy number for each gene were prepared by cloning the PCR product from each primer pair into a T/A pCR4-TOPO vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and transformation of chemically competent TOP10 Escherichia coli cells (Invitrogen.arlsbad, CA, USA).
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Whilst using F 0.1 and F 0.9 is the standard for calculating the dynamic range these values are somewhat arbitrary [16] and can be generalised to k 1 and k 2, respectively.
For one thing, the new figures are the product of a new standard for calculating the rate.
For each specialty the length of stay at the 15th percentile hospital in this ranking was used as the standard for calculating the potential reduction of length of stay in all hospitals with a longer length of stay.
Even after normalization, ULN corrected data may not be perfectly comparable across different laboratories and the associated variability might actually be misleading, possibly due to the fact that the "standard" for calculating ULN is not consistent.
We used standard techniques for calculating standard errors from 95% CIs (Higgins 2008).
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