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With regard to the standardization period, before each ETS, lung volume was standardized via a LR manoeuvre, after which the patient was ventilated with PEEP set at 1 cmH2O above LIP for 30 min. This PEEP level was used during the whole study.
Metabolite data matrices were standardized via a z-transformation.
Allele size lengths have been standardized via comparison with a common reference sample.
Because <img src="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/asset?id=info?doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0008220.e027.PNG" class= inline-graphic"/> is a measure of path length standardized via the randomized networks, further discussion focuses on this finding.
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For a comparison between spastic cerebral palsy (SCP) children and typically developing children (TD), medial gastrocnemius muscle-tendon complex length was assessed using 3-D ultrasound imaging techniques, while exerting externally standardized moments via a hand-held dynamometer.
The natural frequency and the damping ratio of the components are evaluated via standardized methods.
For a fair comparison, we used the same databases, which were evaluated via standardized items.
COA data are typically collected via standardized questionnaires designed to measure an explicit concept or construct such as symptoms, activity limitations, and health status/health-related quality of life, and are commonly utilized in randomized controlled trials [3].
One important step towards understanding trophic relationships between native predators and invasive prey species is to examine predators' feeding preferences, for instance, via standardized food choice experiments (see Horstkotte and Plath 2008; Plath et al. 2011).
Study participants had demographic and behavioral data collected via standardized interviews by trained counselors.
Low-back and hip flexibility was evaluated via standardized sit-and-reach test [ 23].
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