Exact(2)
Standardized traits and selection indices are already in place within each breeding company.
The identical results obtained for untransformed traits and standardized traits (not shown) are not surprising as well.
Similar(58)
SL and locomotor attributes were log -transformed to standardize trait scales and make interspecific variance comparable for large and small specimens.
In order to make selection gradients comparable across traits, we standardized the trait values prior to the analysis (to mean of zero and SD of one), so that all traits were expressed in units of standard deviations [ 58].
All trait values were standardized by standard deviation, so that the total variance was equal to 1.
We then standardized these latent trait scores to z-scores.
The pig dataset consists of phenotypic records of 3184 individuals for a quantitative trait (standardized to zero mean and unity variance) with predetermined heritability 0.62, and genotypic records for 60k biallelic SNP markers (45,317 with minimum allele frequency over 0.05 actually included in the analysis).
To prevent differences in scale causing particular life history traits to dominate loadings in the factor analytic models described below, all traits were standardized to unit phenotypic variance by dividing by their standard deviation.
Scores of traits were standardized by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation.
All traits were standardized to have a variance of one to allow comparison of the effect sizes across traits.
We measured standardized linear selection gradients β (i.e., directional selection) by using univariate linear regressions (w = a+ β z ; where w is mating success of an individual and z is the standardized trait).
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