In order to insure reproducibility and worldwide comparisons for conclusive longitudinal monitoring in multicenter studies, standardized operating procedure (SOPs), as well as standardized reagents and analysis protocols, need to be used [ 42].
CF: Cystic Fibrosis; CFTR: CF transmembrane conductance regulator; Cl-: Chloride; HE: Hematoxylin-Eosin; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum; IRT: Immunoreactive trypsinogen; Rte: Transepithelial resistance; NPD: Nasal Potential Difference; SOP: Standardized Operating Procedure; Ø: Diameter.
Organizations have standardized operating procedures and they follow standard operating procedures, that's a lot of the behavior.
Digital sleep recordings from 4 visits (baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year) were submitted to one central evaluation center following previously defined standardized operating procedures.
The oral consent process by the legal guardian for radiographs was obtained according to hospital standardized operating procedures and approved by the hospital administration and ethical review board.
In both studies, standardized operating procedures were implemented and controlled, including calibration of all equipment before each measurement, and quality control visits were performed throughout both studies by study coordinators to ensure correct protocols by field staff.
Importantly, this consortium encompasses the largest combined renal cancer patient referral base in Europe that has standardized operating procedures for tissue collection and processing, adhering to common European Good Clinical Practice trial guidelines and ethical principles.
Thus, inclusion of biomarkers into the clinical development pipeline will only be achieved by a rigorous scientific approach, which includes standardized operating procedures for patient selection, sample collection, laboratory analysis and data processing.
Interviewees from European countries other than the UK explained that research ethics committees must be harmonized nationally and across Europe to enable this role (e.g. standardized operating procedures, a well-functioning application system, on-going training of ethics committees members, and quality assurance measures).
While increasing amounts of available data will render more and more constraint conditions common enough to allow meta-analyses, standardized operating procedures, eliminating or at least reducing the variability in nonexperimental factors, would be helpful to allow easier combination of experiments and refined results.
Additional efforts must be done, however, to standardize operating procedures between clinical centers that would make these imaging techniques more widely applicable at an individual level [ 29].
