Probe settings were specifically developed and standardized for the study and were defined for all four units.
Finally, the ward-based pharmacy intervention has been standardized for the study, but work floor implementation may differ somewhat between different clinical pharmacy teams.
The selection of eligible patients in the diagnostic phase by performing a test block, as well as the exercise programme (which we standardized for the study) and the minimal interventional procedures are usual care at Dutch pain clinics, as described in the current guideline anaesthesiological pain control [ 11, 29].
Ulcer dressings (i.e., Lyofoam; Molnlycke Health Care), off-loading devices (i.e., total-contact casts, used for 72 subjects and DH boots for 5 subjects), and debridement (i.e., sharp debridement of necrotic tissue in the wound bed and callus on the wound edge) were standardized for all study subjects as a way to limit factors unrelated to ulcer bioburden and minimize variability in DFU outcomes.
In addition, because of the noninterventional design (observation of routine procedures), assessment and assessment times cannot be standardized for study purposes.
To obtain more objective detection methods and classifications of Her2/ERBB2, positivity should be standardized for study purposes, for example, with the envisioned partially automated sample scoring system (Dobson et al, 2010).
Follow-up was standardized for all studies and lasted 28 days (6 studies; 1398 patients), 42 days (11 studies; 5354 patients), or 63 days (7 studies; 3797 patients).
We conclude that permutation is still needed to obtain genomewide significance thresholds, but with subsampling, extrapolation and estimation of an effective number of tests, the threshold can be standardized for all studies of the same population.
However, the vague boundary of our sampling standard (difficult to ascertain the exact boundary among the four samples through different timings, as well as the initiation of the fiber ripening stage) resulted in the quantitative results in FirS being dissimilar to the RPKM values, which suggested that our sampling method could be further standardized for future studies of ramie fiber development.
