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Standardized extraction buffers (an acidic extraction using formic acid and acetonitrile seems often used) and particularly matrix solutions (e.g., α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, HCCA) would much improve comparability of results among different laboratories.
As long as high molecular weight DNA is not required like in RFLP approaches, DNA extracted from formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues can be made suitable for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis significantly by virtue of its sensitivity of detection (by PCR usage) and an ability to analyze minute samples, provided standardized extraction protocols are strictly followed.
However, in comparison with the commercial mirVanaTM PARISTM and standardized extraction protocols, our protocol allows the recovery of ~ 50% of total protein collected by these methods.
Data were extracted into standardized extraction sheets and double checked in pairs by three reviewers.
Two reviewers independently extracted data using a standardized extraction form.
Two authors independently extracted data by using a standardized extraction sheet including study characteristics, type of NGAL measurements, and type of outcome measures.
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Time of contact between the liquid tip and the surface is controlled to standardize extraction.
We developed a form to standardize extraction of data regarding study design, participants, study setting, interventions and outcomes.
To extract relevant data, we created a standardized data extraction form, accompanied by an operational definition of each extracted variable.
Using a standardized data extraction sheet, the following information (if available) was extracted and recorded from studies: authors; year of publication; country of origin; study design; total sample size of nondiabetic participants; age; sex; methods of IR assessment; methods of depression assessment; and type of confounders.
Using a standardized data extraction form, which was tested in a pilot study, we extracted all relevant information.
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