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Examples of these questions are: " How knowledgeable do you feel about DMPA?" and " How comfortable do you feel prescribing DMPA for your clients?" We form the simple average of these three variables and create a Confidence Score that we also standardize according to Kling et al. [ 22].
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The methodology used has been standardized according to the VDI standard 4330-3 (which gives the general norm for all pollen types) [46] with the specifications for maize pollen described in [47].
The raw score was standardized according to the formula: standard score = int (1.25* raw score).
Importantly, patient age was standardized according to the European standard population of 1976.
Second, for i = s and p, standardized birth weight (x i *, i.e. x is standardized according to the respective subpopulation mean and standard deviation) is used in the corresponding logistic regression function.
All samples were analyzed in the same central laboratory and standardized according to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial standards.
HbA1c was measured by high-performance liquid ion exchange or affinity chromatography standardized according to the American National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP), and is referred to as the NGSP standard and as the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) standard (mmol/mol) (28).
Each item of the SF-8 is assessed using a 5- or 6-point Likert scale, and is standardized according to the scoring system, in which 50 points represents the national standard value for health and functioning.
In the former, the preparations often are industrially produced extracts from the leaves and plant tops that have been standardized according to hypericin and hyperforin content (or sometimes one or the other).
Forensic evidence that has helped convict thousands of defendants for nearly a century is often the product of shoddy scientific practices that should be upgraded and standardized, according to accounts of a draft report by the nation's pre-eminent scientific research group.
*Results are standardized according to percentage of respondents answering question.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com