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Both samples were age standardized to the German population using direct standardization (Table 4).
Primers specific for the reference gene, mouse HPRT, were used for standardization (Table 2).
To maximize cost-effectiveness and practicality in some cases, we allowed local product availability to dictate reagent use in some cases in lieu of universal standardization (Table 1).
After standardization, the difference between AUROCs was reduced by two (0.77 versus 0.88 before and 0.80 versus 0.86 after standardization) (Table 2).
The age-standardized prevalence was similar to the crude prevalence, and the gender and geographic difference remained after standardization (Table 1).
Primers specific for the control region of mitochondrial DNA were used for the quantification of the mtDNA molecules, whereas primers specific for the promoter region of a nuclear gene ACTB were used for standardization (Table 1).
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The reversal in inequality ranking after standardization (Tables 2 and 3) indicated that the adjusted inequality indicator can reveal the actual situation regarding the inequality in travel time to pediatric care.
Like the test score outcomes, I standardize the time use variables to be mean zero and standard deviation one by grade and year, as students' activities likely change as they age and as technology changes over the years.15 Means and standard deviations for the time use variables before standardization are in Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, ranges, and alpha coefficients for basic measures prior to standardization are reported in Table 1.
Lookup tables provide standardization of queries to be sent to clinical investigators.
Ethiopia, Yemen, and Kenya had the highest productivity of publication after standardization by population size and GDP (Table 1).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com