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We used a z score for overall maximal IMT by summing the values of the two carotid IMT sides after standardization (subtraction of the mean and division by the SD of each measure) and then dividing by the SD of the sum.
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After standardization (mean subtraction and variance scaling), these standard vectors are located in a (s − 2 -dimensional hypersphere.
We sought to test the performance and robustness of projective standardization in preserving invariant properties of subtraction images in the presence of irreversible projection errors.
In globalization, standardization — and higher standards.
subtraction method.
Call it subtraction by, yes, subtraction.
I understand subtraction.
Addition by subtraction.
Shafer designs by subtraction.
And that meant standardization".
The answer came through subtraction.
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