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Previous approaches include (i) global scaling so that a summary statistic such as the mean or upper-quartile value of read counts for each sample (or library) becomes a common value and (ii) standardization of distribution so that the read count distributions become the same across samples [ 12- 15].
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The statistics were computed after standardization of the joint distribution of male and female extant phenotypes.
A thorough taxonomic standardization allows the grouping of distribution records in a reliable way for further analysis (12 ).
A thorough taxonomic standardization allows the grouping of distribution records in a reliable way for further analysis (12 ). 4. Geographic quality control As EurOBIS and OBIS are biogeographic information systems, verifying the geographic content is as important as verifying the taxonomic data.
To increase the reusability of existing published models, there has been a significant drive toward standardization of model encoding, interoperability, distribution, and reuse.
The prerequisites include image standardization (of gray value range, distribution, magnification in relation to object measurements, etc)., detection of regions of interest (ROI), standardized image transformation procedures, and sophisticated statistical algorithms of flexible and self-learning classifiers.
To compare prevalences we performed a direct age standardization of the study population to the age distribution in Germany, taken from the WHO Statistical Information System [ 28].
Such sample analysis also requires careful consideration of methods used, as facture healing results in a heterogeneous distribution of tissue, and therefore standardization of positions of sections and tissue samples should be evaluated and tracked carefully.
Disasters randomize the distribution of objective hardship, provide greater standardization of the nature and timing of the stressor, and allow the researcher to tease apart the effects of objective hardship and subjective distress.
Nevertheless, the large distribution of results and the lack of standardization of bond strength testing protocols often prevent confident conclusions from being drawn [8 10].
Finally, the data density and non-random distribution of data submissions did not permit the standardization of mortality as a function of time since observation.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com