In the field of phytotherapy, standardization applies only to extracts and by definition only to those where the active constituents are fully characterized.
Hence, the need for standardization applies to both the use of a single modeling language, as well as a standard representation to extend the modeling schema into the clinical trials domain.
The expected number of cases for each municipality was computed under indirect standardization applying a set of age-specific (18 age classes, 0 4,…, 85 or more) reference rates (Tuscany, 1971 1999) to the population of each area.
For the maxmean statistic, as defined in Table 1, the re-standardized statistic is calculated as, with, where is the element of the maxmean statistic calculated for the ith permutation of samples (the same re-standardization applies for ).
Examples which strive for the standardization of applied models, data sets or assumptions are calls for research projects in the context of the German Energiewende [23] as well as requirements of methodologies [24] and planning tools for policy advice in the USA [25].
During training stage z-score standardization was applied on these features [ 19].
Internal standardization was applied for determination of the Cl concentration by using Na concentrations.
Sex and age standardization was applied in all prevalence estimates to account for differences with the Dutch population in 2008 (http://statline.cbs.nl).nl
In order to delineate the different age structures of the populations in each geopolitical region, the direct method of standardization was applied to the data shown in Tables 2 and 3.
Multivariate trait Euclidean distances were computed on the standardized size-corrected residuals of the acoustic parameters using the 'dist' function from the package 'stats' in R (standardization was applied to give equal weight to all parameters).
