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Scoring of the SHIP© questionnaire was based on the standardised sum of the items within one dimension, giving a range from 0 (lowest level for the dimension assessed) to 100 (highest level).
Quite simply, the contribution to the statistical test is obtained at each distinct relapse time in the data as a weighted standardised sum of differences between the observed and expected number of events in each of the K groups.
18 The index is a standardised sum of the proportion of all unemployed men, persons in households with one or more persons per room, proportion of residents in households with no car and proportion of residents in households with head of household in Social Class IV or V (Registrar General's classification).
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Childhood cognitive ability was assessed at age 15 using the Heim AH4 test,[ 25] the Watts Vernon reading test,[ 26] and a mathematics test; scores were standardised, summed, standardised again then categorised into fourths.
Then the scores for these five groups of family adversities were standardised and summed to create a total composite family adversity index score (see [ 52, 56, 119, 120]).
These raw scores were standardised and then summed and transformed into a standardised z score indicating general cognitive ability in childhood.
The two appraisers' scores were summed and standardised by scaling the total as a percentage of the maximum possible score for that domain.
We summed and standardised mothers' and teachers' reports to create cross-informant scales.
14 Each item contained a 3-point Likert scale that was scored between 1.5 (low decisional conflict) and 4.5 (high decisional conflict) and then items were summed and standardised to a score between 1, representing low decisional conflict, and 100, extreme decisional conflict.
Scale sum scores were standardised (0 100), with high values indicating less pain or better physical functioning[ 20].
After this has been done with all the alleles in a locus, frequencies must be standardised to guaranty that the sum of allelic frequencies equals one.
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