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In MDR-TB high-prevalence settings, it may be necessary to modify the WHO MDR-TB standardised regimen according to the local drug-resistance pattern, especially when the prevalence of bacillary resistance to fluoroquinolones/SLIDs is high.
Confirmed MDR-TB cases were treated with an individualised, second-line drug regimen based on drug susceptibility test results, while suspected MDR-TB cases were treated with a standardised regimen pending susceptibility results.
If colistin was administered by inhalation, a standardised regimen of 2 mIU/aerosol t.i.d. was administered.
An additional advantage of our suggested standardised regimen is the cost-benefit aspect.
After surgery, a standardised regimen of dietary supplements (23) and a proton pump inhibitor were prescribed to all patients.
Cancers are mostly treated with one or more cytotoxic anti-neoplastic agents (chemotherapeutic drugs) as part of a standardised regimen [ 5].
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Standardised drug regimens are used: the first line regimen is zidovudine, lamivudine and efavirenz, and the second line regimen is abacavir, didanosine and lopinavir-ritonavir.
However, in the settings where these rapid genetic DST is not available, while waiting for DST results, these patients should initially receive the WHO standardised recommended SLD regimen.
16 A multicountry randomised control trial to evaluate a standardised 9-month regimen containing Cfz for the treatment of MDR-TB is currently under way, and observational cohort studies are being conducted in some West African countries.
New patients without known contact with patients with MDR/XDR-TB or patients with previous treatment should initially receive the WHO standardised recommended SLD regimen consisting of five drugs, namely a fluoroquinolone (such as moxifloxacin or levofloxacin), a SLID, a thionamide (ethionamide or prothionamide), one more oral bacteriostatic drug (preferably cycloserine) plus pyrazinamide.
Transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation with calibrated doxorubicin-carrying microspheres, DC-Beads (DEB-TACE), have been introduced as a novel device capable of ensuring more sustained and tumour-selective drug delivery and permanent embolisation (Varela et al, 2007), which could satisfy the requirement for standardising treatment regimens.
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