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These are fundamental challenges to a commissioning system increasingly built for scale, competition, standardised outcomes and unit price.
Similarly, there were small changes in age standardised outcomes for males and females overall.
The results of this study suggested a survival benefit for patients receiving early treatment with methotrexate and 5FU LV (MFL), but there were methodological issues: only 57% of patients randomised to expectant treatment received chemotherapy; chemotherapy was not standardised; outcomes were poorer than expected in the expectant treatment group; and no formal QoL analyses were published.
Also, although there is evidence that ASPs show positive effects on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance [ 14, 15 ], there is little or no standardisation in how effectiveness of ASPs is measured in terms of standardised outcomes or even methodologies [ 16, 17 ].
The status quo has not achieved standardised outcomes, so what might devolution mean instead?
Studies of disease outcome in juvenile and adult myositis are difficult to compare due to the lack of standardised outcomes.
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Measures must meet these criteria in order to reassure both practitioners and the research community that standardised outcome measures yield accurate, trustworthy information.
Whereas many aspects related to the use of cancer cell lines can be standardised, outcome parameters such as tumour growth and survival data from cell line experiments may still vary.
One of the research strategies prioritised by the IM team for this pilot study was to explore the feasibility of using an internationally standardised outcome measure in combination with a set of "IM tailored" outcomes in addition to qualitative exploration (data reported separately elsewhere) to adequately investigate the comprehensive IM intervention [ 21].
Standardising outcomes such as years of life lost would have allowed comparability.
For assessment of alcohol consumption, attempts will first be made to standardise outcomes reported in included trials to a continuous measure of grams of alcohol consumed and intervention effect reported in meta-analyses as a mean difference with 95% CIs.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com