The PDMS-2 [ 23] is standardised norm-referenced tool, which is valid, reliable, and widely accepted.
The scores are standardised to population norms (based on a US norm-sample), with the mean score set at 50 (SD 10); lower scores indicate worse health, and higher scores better health.
We found an increase in the admission incidence for schizophrenia between 1875 and 1900 when standardised against population norms, a drop in admission incidence for schizophrenia between 2005 and 2010, and a switch in gender ratios from an equal rate of male and female admissions in the 19th century to a rate of two males for each female admission in the contemporary sample.
Baseline measures are shown in table 1. Patients had substantially impaired physical and mental health status: scores on the SF-12 Physical Component Summary are standardised to population norms with mean and SD of 50 and 10, respectively, and these results placed the participants in the lowest decile of the general population, despite the absence of physical disease.
The DECA is a standardised, norm-referenced behaviour rating scale for children aged 2 to 5 years.
A multi-stage, systematic area sampling method is used; annual survey results are standardised against weighted population-based norms to accommodate random imbalances in sampling.
The blueprint was to derive the death rates (standardised directly using our study population norms) of patients who were fully registered with the study practice – grouped by CTVB of residence – over the nine potential years of study, 1992 200000 inclusive.
The PCS and MCS are generated using norm-based methods and are standardised, using scores from the general working age population, to have a mean of 50 (S.D.10).
The sLORETA method is a properly standardised, discrete and 3D distributed, linear and minimum norm solution with no localisation bias even in the presence of biological or measurement noise [47], [49].
*Proportion reporting no problem significantly different now compared to before diagnosis (McNemar-Bowker Chi-square test, p < 0.01) 1 UK population norms from Health Survey for England 1996, standardised to age distribution of Coeliac UK survey respondents now.
By comparison, the average quality of life in the general population has been reported as 0.82 when age-sex-standardised to age of respondents at time of survey response, or 0.85 when age-standardised to age of respondents at age at diagnosis [ 12]. 1 UK population norms from Health Survey for England 1996, standardised to age distribution of Coeliac UK survey respondents now.
