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Within the field of record linkage, numerous data cleaning and standardisation techniques are employed to ensure the highest quality of links.
Cotinine validated smoking prevalence in the study sample was used to estimate the true smoking prevalence in the population of pregnant women in Scotland, accounting for differences in the distribution of deprivation, maternal age, and self reported smoking status using standardisation techniques.
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The delta method was applied to predict risk/rate ratios (RR) with 95% CIs for individuals with zero random effect using the marginal standardisation technique.
Also, to adjust the effect of changes in population composition, we applied the standardisation technique, adjusting the suicide rates with the population composition (by 5-year age band) at the beginning of the study period (1992 1996).
Following initial within-sample pre-processing, three cross-platform normalisation techniques, (Standardisation, ComBat [7] and XPN [8]), were applied, resulting in 9 normalised datasets.
It is concluded that sheep visual acuity is potentially greater than hitherto realised, but that standardisation of techniques is required to make accurate comparisons with data gathered previously.
7 9 The level of standardisation of techniques used to analyse patient complaints is unclear, and there may be benefit in developing a standardised and reliable taxonomy for analysing and interpreting (in terms of patient safety) complaint data.
To achieve such a general approach, it is indispensable to adhere to the standardisation of techniques, to intensify collaborations between different expert groups, to share array data as raw data and to define guidelines of good scientific practice to respect and honour individual contributions to such databases, which must be made publicly accessible [ 44].
Twelve specific challenges were highlighted: standardisation of technique; pilot and feasibility studies; balancing treatments; the recruitment pathway; outcome measures; patient and public representation; trainee-led networks; randomisation; novel techniques and training; learning curves; blinding; follow-up.
Standardisation of technique and interobserver reproducibility will need to be addressed.
Participating surgeons perform over 100 hip arthroscopies each year and will meet prior to commencing recruitment to ensure standardisation of technique.
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