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Annotations used as the gold standard were provided by expert radiologists who read mammograms routinely.
The cut-off values for urine cultures, our gold standard, were provided (in CFU/mL) for the infecting pathogen, based on usual agar plate urine culture.
Each article was reviewed to determine whether: (1) study design was appropriate for obtaining prevalence estimate, (2) the sample was representative of the population of interest (age, condition, and clinical findings), (3) well- defined criteria for positivity of the reference standard were provided, and (4) outcomes of interest were adequately determined by the reference standard.
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In Section 4, a succinct overview of the IEEE 802.11b standard is provided.
Correlation of the algorithm RR values and RR gold standard are provided within the Fig. 1.
In Section 2, an overview of the JPEG image standard is provided and related works of reversible data hiding in JPEG images are discussed.
While the focus is on vehicle-to-transportation infrastructure communication over the LTE networks, no comparative study with IEEE 802.11p standard is provided.
The CHO-derived rhEPO standard was provided by Polymun Scientific GmbH (Vienna).
A silybin A/B combination standard was provided from Chromadex (Irvine, CA).
In such cases it is essential that a full definition of how disease status is verified and which tests form part of the reference standard are provided.
Other pesticide standards were provided by the Jiangsu Pesticide Research Institute (China).
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