We argue there are strong theoretical reasons to expect that the magnitude of this double standard varies across substantive domains, as well as among parents and non-parents.
The contributions of each standard varied between the different Ag treatments (Ag+ vs. AgNP) and also between each treatment process (aerobic vs anaerobic) (Table 1).
Norcini stated that although all standards are judgemental, the credibility of each standard varies depending on who sets the standards and the methods they use [ 16, 17].
Kendall's τ values for each observer versus the 'golden standard' varied from 0.79 to 0.95, and the value was 0.88 for all observers versus the 'golden standard'.
Type of competition preferred, be it with others or with themselves (or in some cases a preset standard), varied among patients.
As shown in Figure 1, H. pylori infection rate determined by gold standard varied from 16.7%to50%0% among different age groups in 138 children with gastritis.
Because the standards vary so widely, standardized tests keyed to them are not comparable from state to state, nor to national tests.
Skill mix also represents a challenge, as the standards vary widely between countries and not many standardized benchmarks exist.
