Variance and standard deviation measure variability within a distribution.
The aim was to describe an original method for assessing imperfect gold standards' variability, in order to reduce the risk of false positive and false negative in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
The following standardized T-score measures were used: omissions, commissions, reaction time standard error, variability, perseverations, reaction time block change, and reaction time inter-stimulus interval change.
Although iothalamate clearances are considered to be the standard, assay variability is problematic [ 34], and values weakly associate with CKD complications [ 35].
When comparing the continuous measures of cardiac output with the reference standard, this variability could allow the APCO technology to appear similar in reliability to CCO when in fact it is not.
Three variables were extracted from the relative phase angle curve for both the flexion and extension phases of the cycle; RPA Mean, RPA Std and RPA Max, which are the mean, the standard deviation (variability of the coordination) and the extreme values (maximum when positive and minimum when negative) of the relative phase angle curve, respectively.
Analyzing liver safety data often makes use of comparing mean and/or median changes from baseline for liver test results across treatments along with measures of variability (standard deviation, standard error, and range).
For the main variables of the study, basic descriptive statistics (number of observations, mean, median, proportions) and corresponding measures of variability (standard deviation, standard error of the mean, 95% confidence intervals) were calculated.
As a measure of variability the standard deviation (SD) together with the mean is given.
