In a study of surgical complications in the Netherlands, ten Broek et al 17 found sensitivity and specificity of documenting a specific complication as 85.1% and 72.4%, respectively, compared with the gold standard of observation of the surgery.
With respect to current data obtained in the large randomized phase III ABC 02 trial [ 10], the combination of gemcitabine and cisplatin for 24 weeks was selected for this clinical trial as experimental treatment added to the current standard of observation alone [ 34].
The scientific outlook skeptical, autonomous, applying fixed standards of observation to continually changing phenomena, to reach conclusions that were never to be considered more than provisional became the hallmark of modern society.
Formulate a standard method of observation with your classmates, and then choose several different locations to observe, such as school, a local community center, etc. Document your findings.
Philosophers who adopt this usage are free to think about standard examples of observation as members of a large, diverse, and growing family of data production methods.
The proportion of neurons exhibiting subthreshold and suprathreshold synaptic activity during a standard period of observation was least in a small mammal like the mouse (30%), intermediate among neurons of mammals of intermediate size such as the hamster and rat (48%and45%5%, respectively), and greatest in the largest animals in the series, the guinea pig (89%) and rabbit (91%).
These approaches are particularly useful for studies employing antimicrobial agents where cellular compartments may be destroyed or remarkably altered and thus hardly identified by standard methods of observation.
Multivariate logistic regression identified three significant predictors of recurrence: tumor location on the head and neck (p = 0.041), tumor size (p = 0.00741) and superficial subtype of BCC (p =.035).Although surgical excision of NMSC remains the standard of care, observation or nonsurgical treatment may be acceptable in many cases of incompletely excised low-risk or minimally transected NMSCs.
In fact, compared to the gold standard of direct observation (audio or videotapes of doctor-patient encounters), immediate surveys of patients have been previously shown to be more accurate than provider reports and sometimes chart abstraction [ 20- 22].
Stange et al [ 70], who compared medical records review and patient questionnaire methods to the gold standard of direct observation of the outpatient visit, showed that medical record review is preferable to patient questionnaire only with respect to the variables for which there are limitations in patient understanding or knowledge.
Due to their tissue heterogeneity, glioma cases can be difficult to classify into a specific grade using the gold standard of histological observation, hence the need to base classification on a quantitative and reliable analytical method for accurately grading the disease.
