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In 2001, a University of Colorado team also concluded that the standard heart rate equation was inaccurate for both men and women.
With a standard heart rate of 60 bpm, GBCA would be cleared rapidly from the ventricle, indicating that the true GBCA concentration during a dynamic acquisition is likely to be a lot lower that 66 mM.
Pacing wires were fixed to the right atrium and the left ventricle, and the hearts were paced at approximately 6 Hz, 3V, 2 ms (350 bpm) during equilibration and reperfusion to ensure a standard heart rate between groups.
Because AIx is affected by heart rate, values were adjusted to a standard heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx75) (25).
Because AIx is affected by heart rate, values were adjusted to a standard heart rate of 75 beats/min (AI75).
From this, central augmentation index (both unadjusted and adjusted to a standard heart rate of 75 bpm) and central aortic blood pressure were determined using the integral software.
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To put some wrist monitors to the test, we got a group of volunteers to wear two different wrist straps at the same time as a professional-standard heart rate monitor.
It's also got a slew of sensors for collecting a lot more data that your standard heart-rate monitoring smartwatch.
In the ERATO (Efficacy and safety of dRonedArone for The cOntrol of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation) trial, dronedarone significantly reduced the mean heart rate during submaximal and maximal exercise without decreasing exercise duration in patients with permanent AF receiving standard heart-rate lowering therapies [ 8, 11].
The ECG represents the gold standard for heart rate measurement.
The gold standard for heart rate diagnosis is an ECG, but, for example in cases of asymptomatic and paroxysmal AF its diagnosis with intermittent ECG recordings is difficult.
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