Exact(28)
Despite the benefits of empirical Bayes before after (EB BA) analysis or similar rigorous methods are well-known in the scientific world, these approaches are not always the standard for estimating the effectiveness of safety treatments.
The authors examine potential bias when using a reference reader panel as "gold standard" for estimating operating characteristics of CAD algorithms for detecting lesions.
One challenge is that there is no reference standard for estimating the LSF other than planar scintigraphic imaging of the chest and abdomen following the intra-arterial MAA administration.
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations recently adopted a standardized form of the Penman Monteith equation (FAO56 PM) in an effort to provide a common, globally valid standard for estimating ET0, developing crop coefficients, and evaluation/calibration of other ET0 methods when Lysimeter measurements are unavailable (Allen et al. 1998).
Up to the frontiers of the Roman Empire, silk became a monetary standard for estimating the value of different products.
The "gold standard" for estimating hepatic iron concentration is measurement of non-haem iron in a liver tissue biopsy sample.
Similar(32)
In addition, we repeated the Cox multivariable analyses on a subset of women who had ≥80% medication possession ratio (MPR), a standard measure for estimating medication compliance [ 23].
This definition of entropy is based on Shannon's entropy, which is a standard measure for estimating the uncertainty of a given signal in Information Theory (Schneider 2010).
The Secretary shall develop minimum standards for estimating project costs and shall periodically evaluate the practices of States for estimating project costs, awarding contracts, and reducing project costs.
Next, a procedure based on standards for estimating the energy performance of buildings is defined to scale results down to single-user consumption.
CT and MRI are currently considered the gold standards for estimating muscle mass [30].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com