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When compared to standard flow rate measurements, such as meniscus tracking in outlet tubing, this approach provided a more straightforward alternative and resulted in lower measurement error.
When all the outlets are open, the standard flow rate deviation changes from 0.050 to 0.069 and the maximal flow rate ratio, i.e. the ratio of the highest flow rate to the lowest, changes from 1.170 to 1.252 when the averaged Re at the outlet increases from 1020 to 2247.
"Standard" flow rate (28.60 ± 0.18 ml/h) was maintained during the first FDG uptake period (1 h), after which the flow rate was changed and a second dose of FDG administered.
By applying a radio-frequency voltage with a standard value of U rms =210 V, a capacitively coupled plasma is ignited in He flowing at a standard flow rate of 1.4 slm between the two electrodes.
The catheters were connected to an arteriovenous shunt driven by a peristaltic pump (Watson-Marlow 403U/R1, with 0.8 ID × 1.6 OD mm Pumpsil tubing, Wilmington, MA, USA) at a standard flow rate of 28.60 ± 0.18 ml/h (mean ± SD; at room pressure) in agreement with that reported by Weber et al. [28].
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These basic concepts include a discussion of measurement units used in the Oil & Gas industry (including unit conversions between systems), fluid properties, fluid mechanics, standard flow rates, and limitations in the measurement of physical parameters.
Generally, 2 min was sufficient time to reach a steady concentration at the standard flow rates for the electrophysiological experiments (Figure 3A).
In 16-row MDCT scanning, an increased contrast material flow rate of 8ml/s and an individualised scan delay provide optimal pancreatic enhancement and tumour-to-pancreas contrast compared to standard flow rates of 4ml/s and fixed scan delay imaging.
Standardized continuous postoperative application of ropivacaine 0.2% was performed using PCA pumps (AmbIt, Teleflex Germany, Kernen, Germany) with standard flow rates (4 6 mL/h) and patient-controlled bolus function (4 6 mL bolus, 30 min lock-out interval).
Whereas these oscillations were reliably seen in interface slices, as previously reported (Fisahn et al., 1998; Kubota et al., 2003), no such activity persisted in submerged slices using standard flow rates (1.8 2.4 mL/min) either in the chamber standard or the modified submerged chamber (Figs 1A and B, and 2A).
This work seeks the experimental evidence in sliding-vane compressors by measuring the air standard volume flow rate and the electrical power input of three diverse configurations.
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