Physiological parameters have larger effect sizes than the social/psychological variables in the study due to smaller standard error scores.
To do so, we will use the difficulty measures and their respective standard error scores from Table 1.
The wrist fracture patients had significantly lower mean (standard error) scores than the controls for physical role limitation (mean = 68(3) vs mean = 80(3), p = 0.006), social function (mean = 84(2) vs mean = 91(2), p = 0.002) and emotional role limitation (mean = 79(3) vs mean = 86(3), p = 0.043).
For example, on day 71 of chronic arthritis, untreated mice exhibited a mean (± standard error) clinical score of 2.57 ± 0.53, as compared with 1.33 ± 0.33 and 1.28 ± 0.47 for mice treated with PPI-2458 and sTNF-RII, respectively.
It is the raw importance score divided by its standard error (z-score).
Median and Mean ± standard error (SEM) scores and percentage expressing positive agreement (scoring 4+) on a 5-point likert scale (from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) of both facilitators (n = 8) and students (n = 111) in response to questions on PBL content and its impact on learning.
Median and Mean ± standard error (SEM) scores with percentage of facilitators expressing positive agreement (scoring 4 +) on a 5-point likert scale (from 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) in response to questions on PBL structure and process (n = 8).
The PMC and SMC groups were well matched for educational level and estimated premorbid IQ. Figure 2 shows mean and standard error z-scores for the PMC and SMC groups on neuropsychological tests.
In them, direct test scores (22 to 110) and measures (i.e., Rasch parameter estimates), along with the standard error for each score, standard scores with its standard error, absolute and cumulative frequencies, and percentiles, are shown.
SEM: standard error of mean; Score 1 (0–20% of positive cells); Score 2 (21–40% of positive cells); Score 3 (≥ 40% of positive cells).
The Mean score, the standard error (SE), the mean score ± 1SE and mean score ± 2SE were calculated and the Mean ± 2SE was used for categorizing as either High risk or Low risk.
