We calculated the number of susceptible persons identified as potentially at elevated risk to PM living in counties with PM2.5 levels exceeding various annual/24-hr standard combinations for age subgroups and persons with preexisting health conditions using Census age demographic and BRFSS and NHIS health survey prevalence data (CDC 2002a, 2002b, 2003a, 2003b; U.S. Census Bureau 2000).
Interim results from the study of 400 elderly patients, led by Dr. Bertrand Coiffier, head of the department of hematology at Hospices Civils de Lyon in Lyon, France, found that the combination of Rituxan and chemotherapy resulted in a one-year survival rate of 83percentt, compared with a rate of 68percentt for the standard combination of chemotherapy and drugs.
Thereafter, patients were randomized 1∶1 based on their viral kinetic classification to receive individualized therapy or to continue on standard combination therapy for a total of 48 weeks.
We analyzed these 100 data sets following the standard combination rules for multiple imputations (Spratt et al. 2010) as described in Supplemental Material (see Supplemental Material, page 2).
The chemotherapy regimen was four cycles of the standard combination therapy for lung cancer consisting of cisplatinum, in this case associated with etoposide.
In addition, it may also prove interesting if some determination of the ethnic background of patients might influence the chemotherapeutic effect and/or adverse effects on standard combination chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC.
Among the included subjects (n = 1,889), multiple imputation of missing values for the covariables was performed using chained equations where 20 completed data sets were generated and analyzed using the standard combination rules for multiple imputation [see Supplemental Material, Tables 1, 2 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1103469)] (Spratt et al. 2010; Sterne et al. 2009).
To determine a standard combination chemotherapy for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we conducted a phase III trial of irinotecan (CPT-11) to test the hypotheses that CPT-11+cisplatin isuperioror to cisplatin+vindesine and that CPT-11 monotherapy is not inferior to cisplatin+vindesine.
We used the standard combination rules for individual descriptors and indicators as discussed by Skutch and Flowerdew (1976), Hopkins (1977), O'Banion (1980), FWS (1981), Smith and Theberge (1987), Abbruzzese and Leibowitz (1997), Leibowitz and Hyman (1999), and Hyman and Leibowitz (2001).
Such homeostatic mechanisms do not preclude deviations from the standard combinations of properties mutations do occur, for example.
