While the management of pain does not have a concrete standard like body temperature or blood pressure, most hospitals are using a 1-to-10 scale with each patient doing his own rating.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BT, body temperature; HR, heart rate; RR, respiratory rate; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; LOS, length of stay in hospital.
Subjects were classified into subgroups based on whether or not they were hospitalized for FN per the presumptive "gold standard" (ANC <1.0×10/L, and body temperature ≥38.3°C or receipt of antibiotics) and claims-based definition (diagnosis codes for neutropenia, fever, and/or infection).
Pulmonary artery core temperature is considered the gold standard for measurement of core body temperature [ 25- 28].
Four studies investigated brain and core body temperature under standard routine care without performing any thermoregulatory interventions [ 14, 15, 18, 19] (Table 2).
Second, even for some patients included in the study population, critical data--especially body temperature--was missing and thus we used a gold standard based on ANC and body temperature or administration of antibiotic or antiviral therapy.
Interestingly, a recently published small trial comparing cooled dialysate (5°C below core body temperature) with standard 37°C dialysate demonstrated a considerable reduction in radiological features of brain injury [ 62].
The temperature of the expired gas was monitored with a telethermometer (YSI, Ohio, USA) placed at the outlet of the gas meter for later correction to "standard temperature pressure dry" (STPD), and "body temperature pressure saturated" (BTPS).
In addition, a cohort size of 12 subjects in part 1 was expected to provide 80% statistical power to confirm a treatment difference of 0.5°C in body temperature (assuming a standard deviation of 0.4).
A similar schedule was used for measuring body temperature with a calibrated standard device.
