The Frankia population in soil from the C. velutinus stand soil was about 10 times higher than that from the Douglas-fir stand.
In arable land stand, soil NO3 − concentrations were clearly higher (significant in 2014, p < 0.01) in FB than in other non-fertilized treatments during the vegetation period (Fig. 2a, b).
The system needs three main data categories as input, i.e. data on forest stands, soil properties and climate conditions, all as described above.
On sandy soil, the stands and soil layers were the highest contributors to carbon density of VS1 (accounting for 41.34 and 29.11%, respectively), while VS2 has a high contribution from the soil layer, then stands (soil and stand categories contribute for carbon density of 56.15 and 28.53%, respectively) (Figure 2b).
On sandy soil, the stands and soil layers were the highest contributors to carbon density of VS1 (accounting for 41.34 and 29.11%, respectively), while VS2 has a high contribution from the soil layer, then stands (soil and stand categories contribute for carbon density of 56.15 and 28.53%, respectively).
After 4 yr of stand development, soil fauna were extracted in each ring.
An increasing number of studies indicate that LUE fluctuates among vegetation species, stand age, soil fertility, etc [15, 16, 29].
A fine scale (< 10 m) spatial pattern was found for the majority of stand variables, soil microbial properties, and available macronutrients (N, P, S and base cations).
In the five-year-old stand, the soil water content changed little over the four growing seasons, and N and P fertilisation did not affect the already depleted soil water content.
Based on the analysis of environmental factors acting at the landscape level, we found that above- and belowground carbon stocks were mostly affected by stand age, soil clay content, aspect, and planting density.
