Free stall housing increases the exposure of dairy cows' claws to concrete walk-ways and to manure between periods of rest, and generally shows the highest rate of lameness compared with other dairy management systems.
Among the herd level factors, herd size, tie stall housing system, quarantine of newly purchased animals and good hygienic precautions taken by the veterinarian before entering into the stable were also significantly associated with reduced odds of C. burnetii antibody positivity.
The animals were kept in free stall housing, fed with total mixed ration (TMR), and had access to water ad libitum.
Free stall housing for all dairy cattle will be implemented within 20 years.
When these systems are well designed and management is good, they provide better welfare for sows than stall housing.
Stall housing was associated with signs of stress caused by lack of exercise and a rootable substrate.
The animals were kept in free stall housing, fed total mixed ration (TMR) and had access to water ad libitum.
D. nodosus is widespread in sheep flocks with SFR, and farms with SFR were selected for Group I. D. nodosus is also expected to be widespread in free stall housed dairy cattle herds where interdigital dermatitis and heel horn erosion are prevalent [ 11], and farms with free-stall housing of cattle and corresponding sheep flocks showing mild or no symptoms of footrot were selected for Group II.
A total of 34 calves of 3 breeds (17 Simmental, 16 Holstein, 1 Brown Swiss) born between January and November 2009 were recruited from five different dairy farms (all running free stall housing systems, 40 to 110 cows, within a distance of 10 km from the experimental unit).
There are of course differences between the management of calving in a cubicle house compared to a tie-stall house.
If Khan moves too fast to reintroduce that 50% target, he risks stalling housing development completely, experts have warned.
