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These so-called grading and staging errors are more common and can affect how aggressively a patient is treated.
Traditionally the biggest problem in staging "Errors" is its demand for two pairs of actors who can pass for mirror images of each other.
Clinical staging errors occur in up to 25% of Stage I and Stage II disease; in 50-65% of Stage IIA to IIIB disease; and in 67% of Stage IVA disease [55, 56].
Main T staging errors contributed to desmoplastic reaction in the first group, or post-therapy changes in the second group, which also affected the MRF.
Of these, 215 children were excluded for various reasons: inadequately assessed MYCN gene (95 cases), staging errors (47), wrong diagnosis (28), previous treatment (13, including 5 stage 2 patients presenting with symptomatic spinal cord compression), undefined histology (9), parental refusal (5), and other reasons (18) (Table 1).
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ERRIS applies a staged error model to reduce errors in hydrological simulations and to quantify prediction uncertainty.
No significant staging error in either group.
However, histology showed only microscopic tumour foci in one case, and no tumour in the other, the staging error due to the presence of residual inert mucin.
This represents a 30% staging error, as the entire study cohort were assumed to have OC disease and hence underwent RP. 47.1% of patient's biopsy Gleason score was an incorrect estimate of their true Gleason score at RP, indicating that only 52.9% of patients did not experience an upgrading or downgrading of their Gleason score.
Many of the years associated with the largest late-stage errors in the polling, like 1968 and 1980, were also associated with third-party candidates.
While scanning stage errors can be estimated for suitably-designed sensor systems, it is usually not possible to simultaneously estimate both scanning stage and systematic sensor errors.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com