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When the two host species and stages were exposed separately to females, the shortest periods of pre-oviposition by Ma colony females were observed in the parasitism of M. alternatus pupae (Fig. 2; ANOVA; F7,154 = 50.93, P<0.001).
When the host stages were exposed simultaneously to S. harmandi females from M. alternatus and S. populnea colonies (Ma colony and Sp colony), significant preferences were detected in the selection of two stages (Fig. 1).
Synchronized F32-TEM and F32-ART5 ring stages were exposed to drug for 48 h, washed, and placed in drug-free medium.
To determine whether tomato pollen has the capacity for acquired thermotolerance (ATT), plants bearing inflorescences with flowers at different developmental stages were exposed for 1 h to 32 °C, followed by 1 h recovery at 25 °C, prior to exposing them to STHS.
In the RSA0 3h, in which young ring stages were exposed to 700 nmol/L dihydroartemisinin for 6 h, the survival rate of F32-ART5 parasites was similar to that for F32-ART3, and much higher than survival rates for F32-TEM and F32-ART parasites before acquisition of the K13 mutationtation (10 ) (Table 2; Technical Appendix Figure 1).
Similar(55)
Which species and developmental stages are exposed in which crop to which PPP at what point in time, and to what extent must be determined.
The immature stages are small, move slowly or are immobile, and so all stages are exposed to predation and parasitism.
The adults are included in food webs in a much broader range of consumers (including birds, small mammals, reptiles, etc).. Lepidopteran species are soft bodied, fragile, and almost defenseless, while the immature stages move slowly or are immobile, hence all stages are exposed to predation.
Lepidopterans are soft bodied, fragile and almost defenseless while the immature stages move slowly or are immobile, hence all stages are exposed to predation by birds, small mammals, lizards, amphibians, invertebrate predators (notably parasitoid and parasitic wasps and flies) as well as fungi and bacteria.
Zebrafish embryos, at the 18 20 somite-stage, were exposed to simulated-microgravity for 24 hours.
Zebrafish embryos, at the 18-20 somite-stage, wexposedosed to simulated-microgravity for 24 hours.
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