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Pre-final version: following the reflection of the above approaches, finally 5 items were removed and the pre-final version of the questionnaire consisting of 33 items was provided for the next stages (validity and reliability of the questionnaire).
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Here we report a two stage validity study which aimed to validate the ICS which was developed based on a non-standardised open questioning process of cancer patients before starting the study and expert ratings from questions on disease management, outlook on life and drive, perception of health and thermoregulation for oncological patients.
As diagnosis may be more difficult at an earlier stage, the validity of GPs' incident diagnoses is assessed.
Average counts and milliliters of oxygen consumption (VO2) were used from the last 2 minutes of each stage for validity and reliability comparisons.
This version was used for feasibility testing (stage 2) and establishing validity (stage 3).
Nevertheless, high uncertainty of clinical and economic data in early stages restricts the validity of modelling results [ 67, 68].
A major advance in pediatric rheumatology has been the recognition that treatment response can be staged based on consensus criteria developed by an international panel [ 4], and that these stages have biological validity that can be characterized at the molecular level by gene transcriptional profiling [ 5- 7].
Stineman MG, Ross RN, Fiedler R, Granger CV, Maislin G. Staging functional independence validity and applications.
Before starting the validity stage, the data went through several screening steps to be checked as follow: The data has been checked for any missing data.
In stage four construct validity was further assessed by conducting an exploratory factor analysis.
An additional stage of establishing validity of the IAPSQ was the pre-testing of the questionnaires.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com